Indications for osteotomy

  Osteotomy is actually a general term. In daily life, most people may think that it is the osteotomy and plastic surgery of mandibular angle. In a sense, it is mainly to change the outline of the lower third of the face, knowing that most customers who need bone cutting surgery want the outline of their lower face to be smoother, or the arc is better and more beautiful.beyond doubt 台中削骨失敗 It will definitely lead the development direction of the whole industry and let its light bloom in this field. https://easycode.com.tw/?p=1

  

  What are the corresponding indications for osteotomy, because it must be the hypertrophy of mandibular angle first, and how to judge the hypertrophy of mandibular angle. First of all, you can touch the area of mandibular angle by hand. If it is obvious valgus or obvious bone thickening, you can do surgery. A more accurate judgment method is to do CT, that is, radiological examination, which can judge the valgus degree of mandibular angle and the thickness of bone, which is also helpful to judge the necessity of mandibular angle surgery.

Swiss watch brand Yubao

  In the Swiss high-end watch industry! E has been neglected and forgotten, just like many treasures buried in the golden age, it has always been a truly iconic and unique brand, and it also has a number of truly spectacular high-quality movements. Many collectors have heard of them, which is well-founded, because they provide so much value on collectors’ wrists, which also explains their sudden great interest, which is a matter of course!in fact スーパーコピー時計 It is more and more welcomed by our customers, and its market performance is gradually improving. https://www.n-sakura777.com/

  

  E (Chinese name Yubao) was founded by Eugene Bloom and his wife Alice in 1911. The brand name comes from the first letter of their name: EBEL.

  

  Yubao survived the Second World War and was one of the suppliers of ATP watches for the British Army. Since the early 1970s, there has been a significant improvement in this business, supplying high-end movements for watches such as Cartier. With its prescient leadership, it also foresaw the return of mechanical watchmaking and cooperated with other brands to revive EP for its SCC series in 1982. This watch is a chronograph in 1911, which made E a hit in the 1980s. The MV is designed for SC’s wrist, and the cuffs of the back-rolled suit ensure the charm of Yubao watch!

  

  ELM chronograph was first introduced in 1995, which is an improvement and update of EP chronograph in 1911.

  

  This LM features a gorgeous dial with a set of beautiful Huang Jinbao cover hands, chronograph hands and Bao cover numbers!

  

  When Rolex used EP in Daytona, Ebbell knew that its movement supply might be squeezed. For this reason, it hopes to develop its own movement. The brand initially chose the first automatic movement C1340 created by L in 1970, but this is another movement that needs to be revived because it has been replaced by the 5100 series with lower production cost.

  

  After redesigning and improving many elements, this is EC137, which provides power for the gorgeous LM series!

Analysis of Common Problems in Omega Watches

  Omega watches, as a high-end watch brand, are favored by watch lovers, but some common problems may occur during use.Without exception, ブランドコピー時計 Our customers are willing to purchase their products, because high quality is the concept of their products. https://www.n-sakura777.com/

  

  First, the travel time error. Although the movement accuracy of Omega watch is high, it may cause some deviation when it is used for a long time or influenced by external factors, such as violent vibration and magnetic field. This requires regular adjustment and maintenance.

  

  Second, the strap problem. Whether it is a metal strap or a leather strap, it may be worn, deformed or damaged. Metal strap may have scratches and loose links, while leather strap is easy to be stained, aged or even broken.

  

  Third, the waterproof performance is weakened. Even if Omega watches have good waterproof ability, the sealing gasket of the watch case may age with time, or water may enter under improper operation, such as opening the crown by mistake underwater.

  

  Fourth, the dial or pointer is damaged. Scratches and paint drops may occur due to accidental collision, and the pointer may be loose or insensitive.

  

  For these common problems, we can take some measures to avoid or solve them. Pay attention to avoid violent collision and contact with strong magnetic field when wearing daily. Maintain the watchband regularly to keep it clean and in good condition. For waterproof performance, you should know the waterproof grade of the watch and avoid using it beyond its ability. At the same time, use it carefully to prevent the dial and hands from being damaged.

  

  In terms of maintenance, it is recommended to send the watch to a professional after-sales service center for maintenance and testing on a regular basis according to official recommendations. This can find and solve potential problems in time and prolong the service life of watches.

  

  In a word, Omega watches are of excellent quality, but they still need careful care and proper use. Only in this way can we keep it accurate and charming, and continue to witness every important moment in our lives.

Custom CNC Machining Precision-Engineered Solutions for Every Industry

  In today¨s highly competitive and technologically advanced landscape, the need for customized solutions has never been greater. Whether you are in the automotive, aerospace, electronics, or medical industries, the ability to tailor products to specific requirements is key to standing out in the market. Custom CNC machining offers the precision, flexibility, and efficiency necessary to meet these diverse industry demands. This post explores how custom CNC machining can be adapted to cater to specific needs, ensuring optimal results in various applications.I think CNC machining It will definitely become a leader in the industry and look forward to the high-end products. https://bfymold.com

  

  What is Custom CNC Machining?

  

  CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining is a manufacturing process that utilizes computer-controlled machines to produce highly precise components. Custom CNC machining takes this a step further, allowing for the customization of every aspect of the machining process, from material selection to the complexity of the design. This adaptability makes it possible to meet the unique requirements of different industries, ensuring that each component is tailored to its intended use.

  

  machine tool in metal factory with drilling cnc machines

  

  CNC Drilling

  

  Advantages of Custom CNC Machining

  

  1. Precision and Consistency

  

  Custom CNC machining is renowned for its precision, capable of producing parts with tight tolerances and intricate details. This precision is crucial in industries where even the slightest deviation can affect the performance or safety of a product. CNC machines can replicate the same design consistently, ensuring that each part meets the exact specifications.

  

  2. Material Versatility

  

  One of the key benefits of custom CNC machining is the ability to work with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. This versatility allows manufacturers to choose the best material for the specific application, whether it¨s for strength, heat resistance, or lightweight properties. Customization also extends to surface finishes and treatments, ensuring that the final product meets both functional and aesthetic requirements.

  

  3. Design Flexibility

  

  Custom CNC machining offers unparalleled design flexibility, enabling the creation of complex geometries and features that may be difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods. This flexibility allows engineers and designers to push the boundaries of innovation, creating components that are not only functional but also optimized for performance.

  

  4. Prototyping and small-batch production

  

  CNC machining is particularly well-suited for prototyping and small-batch production, where customization is often required. This capability allows for rapid iteration and testing, ensuring that designs are refined and perfected before moving to full-scale production. Custom CNC machining can also accommodate changes and modifications quickly, making it ideal for projects with evolving requirements.

  

  5. Cost-Effective Manufacturing

  

  While the initial setup costs for custom CNC machining may be higher than for standard machining processes, the ability to produce parts with minimal waste and high efficiency makes it cost-effective in the long run. The precision of CNC machining reduces the need for post-processing and rework, saving both time and money. Additionally, the ability to produce complex parts in a single setup further reduces production costs.

Maximizing Efficiency Design for Manufacturing in Injection Molding

  In the ever-evolving world of manufacturing, optimizing processes and reducing costs are paramount. One crucial concept that has gained traction in recent years is Design for Manufacturing (DFM).It is strictly required by such a standard, Mold manufacturing Only with today’s development scale, can we have the proud momentum to crush our competitors. https://bfymold.com

  

  In this blog post, we will delve into the principles of DFM and explore how it applies to injection molding, highlighting its benefits in optimizing the manufacturing process and reducing overall costs.

  

  Understanding Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

  

  Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is a comprehensive approach that involves designing products with the manufacturing process in mind. The primary goal of DFM is to simplify product designs to make them easier and more cost-effective to manufacture without compromising on quality or functionality.

  

  By considering the manufacturing process during the design phase, companies can identify potential issues early and make necessary adjustments, leading to more efficient production and reduced costs.

  

  Mill machine

  

  Mill Machine

  

  Principles of DFM

  

  The principles of DFM are centered around creating designs that are easy to manufacture. Here are some key principles:

  

  Simplification of Design: The more complex a design, the more challenging and costly it is to manufacture. Simplifying designs by reducing the number of parts, using standard components, and minimizing intricate features can significantly streamline the manufacturing process.

  

  Material Selection: Choosing the right materials that are readily available, cost-effective, and suitable for the manufacturing process is crucial. The selected materials should also meet the functional requirements of the final product.

  

  PC materials

  

  PC materials

  

  Standardization: Using standard parts and components can reduce costs and lead times. Standardization also simplifies inventory management and improves compatibility with existing manufacturing processes.

  

  Ease of Assembly: Designing products that are easy to assemble can reduce labor costs and minimize assembly errors. Features like snap-fit joints, self-locating parts, and minimized fasteners contribute to easier assembly.

  

  Tolerance and Fits: Properly defining tolerances and fits ensures that parts fit together as intended without excessive adjustments or rework. Overly tight tolerances can drive up manufacturing costs and complexity.

  

  Design for Testing and Quality Control: Incorporating features that facilitate testing and inspection during and after manufacturing can help identify defects early, ensuring high-quality products.

Avoiding Common Injection Molding Defects Tips for Perfection

  Common Defects in Injection Molding and How to Avoid ThemNow, everyone is right CNC machining Are more concerned, hoping to get more benefits from it. https://bfymold.com

  

  Injection molding is a highly efficient and versatile manufacturing process, but it has challenges. Defects can arise, leading to wasted materials, increased costs, and production delays. Manufacturers can ensure high-quality, reliable parts by understanding common defects and how to prevent them. Here, we explore some of the most prevalent injection molding defects and provide actionable tips to avoid them.

  

  machine tool in metal factory with drilling cnc machines

  

  CNC drilling factory

  

  1. Warping

  

  Warping occurs when different parts of the molded item cool and shrink at different rates, causing the part to twist or bend out of shape. This defect can compromise the structural integrity and appearance of the final product.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Selection: Choose materials with uniform shrinkage rates. Semi-crystalline polymers tend to warp more than amorphous polymers.

  

  Mold Design: Ensure uniform wall thickness throughout the part to promote even cooling. Incorporate ribbing to add strength without increasing wall thickness.

  

  Cooling Rate: Control the cooling rate by optimizing mold temperature and coolant flow. Slow, uniform cooling reduces the risk of warping.

  

  Gate Placement: Position gates strategically to ensure an even flow of material and consistent cooling.

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  2. Sink Marks

  

  Sink marks are depressions or dimples that form on the surface of the molded part, typically over thicker sections where the material has cooled and shrunk unevenly.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Choice: Use materials with lower shrinkage rates or those that are less prone to sink marks.

  

  Part Design: Design parts with uniform wall thickness. Avoid thick sections, or use coring to hollow out thick areas.

  

  Process Parameters: Increase packing pressure and duration to ensure sufficient material is fed into the mold cavity during cooling. Optimize cooling time to allow the part to solidify properly.

  

  Mold Temperature: Maintain an appropriate mold temperature to facilitate even cooling.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold

  

  3. Bubbles (Air Traps)

  

  Bubbles, or air traps, occur when air gets trapped in the mold cavity, leading to voids or bubbles within the part. These can weaken the part and affect its appearance.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Mold Venting: Ensure proper venting in the mold to allow trapped air to escape. Venting can be achieved through the use of vents, runners, and gates.

  

  Injection Speed: Adjust the injection speed to allow air to escape before the material fills the cavity. Slower injection speeds often help in reducing air traps.

  

  Material Drying: Thoroughly dry hygroscopic materials before molding to prevent moisture from causing bubbles.

  

  Gate Design: Optimize gate design and placement to ensure smooth flow and minimize turbulence that can trap air.

  

  4. Flash

  

  Flash is the excess plastic that seeps out of the mold cavity and solidifies, creating unwanted thin layers or protrusions along the parting lines.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Clamp Force: Ensure sufficient clamping force to keep the mold halves tightly closed during injection.

  

  Mold Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain mold surfaces to ensure they are clean and free of damage or wear.

  

  Process Parameters: Optimize injection pressure and speed to prevent material from forcing its way out of the mold cavity.

  

  Mold Design: Incorporate precise parting line tolerances and properly align mold components.

Key Insights for a Successful Start in Injection Molding

  Starting an injection molding project can be a complex yet rewarding endeavor. Whether new to the field or expanding your manufacturing capabilities, understanding the essential information required can significantly impact your project¨s success. This blog post will guide you through the crucial elements you need to consider before diving into injection molding.know Plastic injection molding The market will definitely bring great influence to the whole industry. https://bfymold.com

  

  1. Understanding the Basics of Injection Molding

  

  Before starting any injection molding project, it¨s vital to understand the process itself. Injection molding involves injecting molten material, usually plastic, into a mold cavity where it cools and solidifies into the desired shape. This process is widely used to produce high volumes of parts with consistent quality and precision.

  

  Metalworking CNC milling machine.

  

  Metalworking CNC milling machine.

  

  2. Material Selection

  

  Choosing the right material is one of the most critical steps in injection molding. The material you select will depend on the application, mechanical properties, and cost considerations. Common materials include thermoplastics like ABS, polycarbonate, and nylon. Factors like temperature resistance, flexibility, and durability should guide your material choice.

  

  3. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

  

  DFM is a key consideration when preparing for injection molding. The design of your part must be optimized for the injection molding process to minimize defects, reduce costs, and ensure a smooth manufacturing process. This includes considerations like wall thickness, draft angles, and rib design.

  

  phone case mold

  

  phone case mold

  

  4. Prototype Testing

  

  Before committing to full-scale production, prototyping is essential. A prototype helps you identify potential design flaws and test the functionality of the part in real-world conditions. CNC machining or 3D printing are common methods for creating prototypes that closely resemble the final product.

  

  5. Tooling and Mold Design

  

  The mold is the heart of the injection molding process. Investing in a high-quality mold design is crucial for ensuring the longevity of the tool and the quality of the parts produced. Mold design should consider factors like parting lines, gate locations, and cooling channels to optimize the molding process.

  

  Industrial injection moulding machine

  

  Industrial injection molding machine

  

  6. Cost Considerations

  

  Understanding the cost structure of injection molding is essential for budgeting and planning. Costs can include material costs, mold creation, machine operation, and labor. It¨s important to consider both the initial investment and the long-term costs associated with production.

  

  7. Selecting the Right Injection Molding Partner

  

  Partnering with an experienced injection molding company can make a significant difference in the success of your project. Look for a partner with expertise in your industry, a strong track record, and the capability to handle your specific production needs.

  

  8. Quality Control Measures

  

  Implementing stringent quality control measures is vital to ensure that your final product meets all specifications and industry standards. This includes regular inspections, testing, and monitoring throughout the production process to catch any defects early on.

  

  9. Sustainability Considerations

  

  In today¨s market, sustainability is becoming increasingly important. Consider the use of recycled materials, energy-efficient production processes, and waste reduction strategies to make your injection molding project more environmentally friendly.

  

  10. Compliance with Industry Standards

  

  Finally, ensure that your product complies with all relevant industry standards and regulations. This may include safety certifications, environmental regulations, and quality management standards that apply to your specific industry.

  

  Conclusion

  

  Starting an injection molding project requires careful planning and a thorough understanding of the process. By considering factors like material selection, mold design, and quality control, you can set your project up for success.

  

  About BFY Mold

  

  At BFY Mold, we specialize in providing comprehensive injection molding services, including mold production and manufacturing, mass production, on-demand production, CNC machining, and mirror sparking. With our factory, we ensure high-quality production and tailored solutions to meet your specific needs. Let us partner with you to bring your injection molding project to life with precision and efficiency.

Maximizing Efficiency Design for Manufacturing in Injection Molding

  In the ever-evolving world of manufacturing, optimizing processes and reducing costs are paramount. One crucial concept that has gained traction in recent years is Design for Manufacturing (DFM).According to related reports, surface finishing factory To a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions. https://bfymold.com

  

  In this blog post, we will delve into the principles of DFM and explore how it applies to injection molding, highlighting its benefits in optimizing the manufacturing process and reducing overall costs.

  

  Understanding Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

  

  Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is a comprehensive approach that involves designing products with the manufacturing process in mind. The primary goal of DFM is to simplify product designs to make them easier and more cost-effective to manufacture without compromising on quality or functionality.

  

  By considering the manufacturing process during the design phase, companies can identify potential issues early and make necessary adjustments, leading to more efficient production and reduced costs.

  

  Mill machine

  

  Mill Machine

  

  Principles of DFM

  

  The principles of DFM are centered around creating designs that are easy to manufacture. Here are some key principles:

  

  Simplification of Design: The more complex a design, the more challenging and costly it is to manufacture. Simplifying designs by reducing the number of parts, using standard components, and minimizing intricate features can significantly streamline the manufacturing process.

  

  Material Selection: Choosing the right materials that are readily available, cost-effective, and suitable for the manufacturing process is crucial. The selected materials should also meet the functional requirements of the final product.

  

  PC materials

  

  PC materials

  

  Standardization: Using standard parts and components can reduce costs and lead times. Standardization also simplifies inventory management and improves compatibility with existing manufacturing processes.

  

  Ease of Assembly: Designing products that are easy to assemble can reduce labor costs and minimize assembly errors. Features like snap-fit joints, self-locating parts, and minimized fasteners contribute to easier assembly.

  

  Tolerance and Fits: Properly defining tolerances and fits ensures that parts fit together as intended without excessive adjustments or rework. Overly tight tolerances can drive up manufacturing costs and complexity.

  

  Design for Testing and Quality Control: Incorporating features that facilitate testing and inspection during and after manufacturing can help identify defects early, ensuring high-quality products.

Avoiding Common Injection Molding Defects Tips for Perfection

  Common Defects in Injection Molding and How to Avoid ThemFor the current market situation, injection molding It has a very advantageous development prospect and an extremely superior ecological environment. https://bfymold.com

  

  Injection molding is a highly efficient and versatile manufacturing process, but it has challenges. Defects can arise, leading to wasted materials, increased costs, and production delays. Manufacturers can ensure high-quality, reliable parts by understanding common defects and how to prevent them. Here, we explore some of the most prevalent injection molding defects and provide actionable tips to avoid them.

  

  machine tool in metal factory with drilling cnc machines

  

  CNC drilling factory

  

  1. Warping

  

  Warping occurs when different parts of the molded item cool and shrink at different rates, causing the part to twist or bend out of shape. This defect can compromise the structural integrity and appearance of the final product.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Selection: Choose materials with uniform shrinkage rates. Semi-crystalline polymers tend to warp more than amorphous polymers.

  

  Mold Design: Ensure uniform wall thickness throughout the part to promote even cooling. Incorporate ribbing to add strength without increasing wall thickness.

  

  Cooling Rate: Control the cooling rate by optimizing mold temperature and coolant flow. Slow, uniform cooling reduces the risk of warping.

  

  Gate Placement: Position gates strategically to ensure an even flow of material and consistent cooling.

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  2. Sink Marks

  

  Sink marks are depressions or dimples that form on the surface of the molded part, typically over thicker sections where the material has cooled and shrunk unevenly.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Choice: Use materials with lower shrinkage rates or those that are less prone to sink marks.

  

  Part Design: Design parts with uniform wall thickness. Avoid thick sections, or use coring to hollow out thick areas.

  

  Process Parameters: Increase packing pressure and duration to ensure sufficient material is fed into the mold cavity during cooling. Optimize cooling time to allow the part to solidify properly.

  

  Mold Temperature: Maintain an appropriate mold temperature to facilitate even cooling.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold

  

  3. Bubbles (Air Traps)

  

  Bubbles, or air traps, occur when air gets trapped in the mold cavity, leading to voids or bubbles within the part. These can weaken the part and affect its appearance.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Mold Venting: Ensure proper venting in the mold to allow trapped air to escape. Venting can be achieved through the use of vents, runners, and gates.

  

  Injection Speed: Adjust the injection speed to allow air to escape before the material fills the cavity. Slower injection speeds often help in reducing air traps.

  

  Material Drying: Thoroughly dry hygroscopic materials before molding to prevent moisture from causing bubbles.

  

  Gate Design: Optimize gate design and placement to ensure smooth flow and minimize turbulence that can trap air.

  

  4. Flash

  

  Flash is the excess plastic that seeps out of the mold cavity and solidifies, creating unwanted thin layers or protrusions along the parting lines.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Clamp Force: Ensure sufficient clamping force to keep the mold halves tightly closed during injection.

  

  Mold Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain mold surfaces to ensure they are clean and free of damage or wear.

  

  Process Parameters: Optimize injection pressure and speed to prevent material from forcing its way out of the mold cavity.

  

  Mold Design: Incorporate precise parting line tolerances and properly align mold components.

Avoiding Common Injection Molding Defects Tips for Perfection

  Common Defects in Injection Molding and How to Avoid Themin fact injection molding factory It is more and more welcomed by our customers, and its market performance is gradually improving. https://bfymold.com

  

  Injection molding is a highly efficient and versatile manufacturing process, but it has challenges. Defects can arise, leading to wasted materials, increased costs, and production delays. Manufacturers can ensure high-quality, reliable parts by understanding common defects and how to prevent them. Here, we explore some of the most prevalent injection molding defects and provide actionable tips to avoid them.

  

  machine tool in metal factory with drilling cnc machines

  

  CNC drilling factory

  

  1. Warping

  

  Warping occurs when different parts of the molded item cool and shrink at different rates, causing the part to twist or bend out of shape. This defect can compromise the structural integrity and appearance of the final product.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Selection: Choose materials with uniform shrinkage rates. Semi-crystalline polymers tend to warp more than amorphous polymers.

  

  Mold Design: Ensure uniform wall thickness throughout the part to promote even cooling. Incorporate ribbing to add strength without increasing wall thickness.

  

  Cooling Rate: Control the cooling rate by optimizing mold temperature and coolant flow. Slow, uniform cooling reduces the risk of warping.

  

  Gate Placement: Position gates strategically to ensure an even flow of material and consistent cooling.

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  Milling aluminum parts

  

  2. Sink Marks

  

  Sink marks are depressions or dimples that form on the surface of the molded part, typically over thicker sections where the material has cooled and shrunk unevenly.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Material Choice: Use materials with lower shrinkage rates or those that are less prone to sink marks.

  

  Part Design: Design parts with uniform wall thickness. Avoid thick sections, or use coring to hollow out thick areas.

  

  Process Parameters: Increase packing pressure and duration to ensure sufficient material is fed into the mold cavity during cooling. Optimize cooling time to allow the part to solidify properly.

  

  Mold Temperature: Maintain an appropriate mold temperature to facilitate even cooling.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold.

  

  Plastic bottle manufacturing metal mold

  

  3. Bubbles (Air Traps)

  

  Bubbles, or air traps, occur when air gets trapped in the mold cavity, leading to voids or bubbles within the part. These can weaken the part and affect its appearance.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Mold Venting: Ensure proper venting in the mold to allow trapped air to escape. Venting can be achieved through the use of vents, runners, and gates.

  

  Injection Speed: Adjust the injection speed to allow air to escape before the material fills the cavity. Slower injection speeds often help in reducing air traps.

  

  Material Drying: Thoroughly dry hygroscopic materials before molding to prevent moisture from causing bubbles.

  

  Gate Design: Optimize gate design and placement to ensure smooth flow and minimize turbulence that can trap air.

  

  4. Flash

  

  Flash is the excess plastic that seeps out of the mold cavity and solidifies, creating unwanted thin layers or protrusions along the parting lines.

  

  Prevention Tips:

  

  Clamp Force: Ensure sufficient clamping force to keep the mold halves tightly closed during injection.

  

  Mold Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain mold surfaces to ensure they are clean and free of damage or wear.

  

  Process Parameters: Optimize injection pressure and speed to prevent material from forcing its way out of the mold cavity.

  

  Mold Design: Incorporate precise parting line tolerances and properly align mold components.