Yearly Archives: 2024

　　Separation and purification of protein;So we can draw a preliminary conclusion, small molecules It is helpful to the needs of the industry market and social development. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　1. Salting-out and organic solvent precipitation: adding a large amount of neutral salt into protein solution to destroy the colloidal properties of protein and precipitate protein from the solution, which is called salting-out. Commonly used neutral salts are: ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and so on. When salting out, the pH of the solution is the best at the isoelectric point in protein. Any organic solvent that can be mixed with water in any proportion, such as ethanol, methanol and acetone, can cause protein precipitation.

　　2. Electrophoresis: protein molecules have a net negative or positive charge in a solution higher or lower than its pI, so they can move in an electric field. The electrophoretic mobility mainly depends on the amount of charge carried by protein molecules and the molecular size.

　　3. Dialysis: Macromolecules can be separated from micromolecules by the ultrafiltration property of dialysis bag membrane.

　　4. Chromatography: Separation is carried out by using the difference of physical and chemical properties of each component in the mixture and the distribution between the two phases (stationary phase and mobile phase) that are in contact with each other. There are mainly ion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, adsorption chromatography and affinity chromatography, among which gel chromatography can be used to determine the molecular weight of protein.

　　5. Ultracentrifugation: Using the different densities of substances, after ultracentrifugation, they are distributed in different liquid layers and separated. Ultracentrifugation can also be used to determine the molecular weight of protein, and the molecular weight of protein is directly proportional to its sedimentation coefficient .

　　Protein, the source of life, how much do you know? Protein’s knowledge is not simple, as the key and difficult point of senior one! Today, I will take you to find out and unlock the mystery of protein!If you want to make a big difference in the market, Antibody Phage Display Service It is necessary to intensify the upgrading of products on the original basis in order to meet the consumption needs of consumers. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Protein is the basic substance of cells and tissues. Without it, there would be no life. They are composed of amino acids, and through different sequences and structures, they form an ever-changing protein. This is like Lego of life. Every amino acid is a building block, which is combined to construct the diversity of life.

　　Protein has various functions, from structural support to catalytic reaction, from transporting substances to signal transmission, and they are indispensable roles in cells. For example, hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of oxygen, while enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions.

　　The synthesis process of protein is also very interesting. The process from transcription of DNA into mRNA to translation into protein is called the Central Rule. It reveals the flow direction of genetic information and is the key to understanding life phenomena.

　　The structure and function of protein are closely related. The primary structure is amino acid sequence, the secondary structure is partial folding, the tertiary structure is integral folding, and the quaternary structure is the combination of multiple subunits. These structural levels determine the function and stability of protein.

　　Protein is the cornerstone of life. To understand them is to understand the mystery of life. Through today’s study, I hope you can have a deeper understanding of protein and lay a solid foundation for senior high school biology!

　　What to wear under ski pants?according to ninety roll Industry veterans said that its development will still be in a good situation. https://ninetyroll.co/

　　1. Ski socks

　　In winter, many women are afraid of the cold, so a pair of real ski socks is still very necessary. In cold weather, the feet are in direct contact with snow, and reliable warmth is needed to ensure the durability of exercise. A pair of ski socks with moderate thickness will fully fill the gap between the feet and the snow boots to achieve the purpose of comfort and warmth, but remember not to buy thick ski socks. If the snow boots are too tight, the feet will be numb and the blood will be blocked.

　　2, warm and sweat-wicking clothes

　　A truly warm and sweat-wicking ski suit is necessary. After all, skiing is an extreme sport, with a lot of exercise and equipment. All needs are based on lightness, thinness and warmth. Forget the ordinary jersey and long pants. If the budget is limited, you can also have ultra-thin thermal underwear. Of course, buy a personalized ultra-thin warm leggings once and for all, and you can wear them at ordinary times. There is no need to go to the ski shop to spend more money. Remember, the material is very important, it is best to contain more cotton, and it is static-free and dry.

　　3. Grab cashmere pants

　　Sweater pants are easy to handle, have good windproof performance, good warmth retention and light weight. Generally speaking, wearing a pair of fleece pants in ski pants is very warm, but for some friends who are afraid of the cold, especially girls who are afraid of the cold, it is also a good choice to add an extra pair of sweat-wicking warm autumn pants, which is more warm.

　　The first is “poverty”Only by working together can we turn pu-erh tea The value of the play out, the development of the supply market needs.

　　Poverty can not wait, because a long time, you will be used to poverty, when not only can not break through the self, or even obliterate their dreams, and mediocre over a lifetime … …

　　The second is “dream”

　　Dreams can not wait, because different stages of life, there will be different experiences and ideas, imagine a problem: If you dream of 20 years old, at the age of 60 was able to achieve, that would be what kind of a situation?

　　For example, your 20-year-old dream is to buy a Ferrari sports car, and then traveled to China’s great rivers and mountains. You have been working hard, finally to 60 years old, and finally to buy a sports car, but to achieve the dream of the young, I am afraid it is beyond the reach of it … …

　　The third is “family”

　　Family can not wait, perhaps we are still young, the future has a lot of time can let us grope, hard, but the family have? They still have time for us to succeed? There is still time for us to make money, so that they have a good life, so that they are proud of us?

　　Trees for static and wind, the child wants to support and pro-not wait. This is a lot of people’s pain, but also a lot of people a lifetime of regret!

　　Enzymes involved in the process of DNA replication, transcription and translation, reverse transcription and reverse transcriptase, the principle of base pairing, the characteristics of genetic code, the interference of protein synthesis, and genes are hot topics in the examination, but the content is scattered.As can be seen from the new data, Chemical Custom synthesis The market influence is also growing, and the product share is also relatively increasing, which has great potential in the future. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　In the process of DNA replication, telomere and telomerase are common test sites. Telomerase is an enzyme composed of RNA and protein. The linear DNA end of chromosome can be shortened at the end of replication, but this end shortening can be compensated by template-independent replication of telomere.

　　In the process of telomere synthesis, provided by Chinese medicine, science, website and station, telomerase uses its own RNA as a template to synthesize complementary chains, so telomerase can be regarded as a special reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcription and reverse transcriptase. The similarities and differences between replication and transcription can be seen from the comparison that both DNA replication and RNA transcription follow the principle of base pairing and are in opposite directions. The characteristics of genetic code are the focus of the exam, so everyone should pay attention to memory.

　　The structure of protein molecule determines its properties.In the long run, Antibody Discovery The value will be higher and higher, and there will be a great leap in essence. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Being bisexual.

　　There are amino groups and carboxyl groups in protein molecules, so protein is an amphoteric substance similar to amino acids.

　　2. Hydrolysis reaction can occur.

　　Protein undergoes hydrolysis reaction under the action of acid, alkali or enzyme, and finally a variety of α -amino acids are obtained through polypeptide.

　　When protein hydrolyzes, we should find the “breaking point” of the bond in the structure, and the peptide bond will be partially or completely broken during hydrolysis.

　　3. Having the property of colloid.

　　Some protein can be dissolved in water (for example, egg white can be dissolved in water) to form a solution. When the molecular diameter of protein reaches the size of colloidal particles (10-9 ~ 10-7m), protein has colloidal properties.

　　The precipitation of protein.

　　A small amount of salt (such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, etc.) can promote the dissolution of protein. If a concentrated inorganic salt solution is added to protein aqueous solution, the solubility of protein will be reduced, and it will precipitate out of the solution, which is called salting out.

　　Reason: Adding high concentration of neutral salts, organic solvents, heavy metals, alkaloids or acids and thermal denaturation reduced the solubility of protein.

　　Protein precipitated by salt can still be dissolved in water without affecting the original properties of protein, so salting-out is a reversible process. Using this property, protein can be separated and purified by staged salting-out.

　　Are you looking for a pair of fashionable and practical ski pants? Then, this pair of trousers specially designed for skiing is your best choice!We have every reason to believe. baggy snowboard pants It will become the mainstream of the industry and will gradually affect more and more people. https://ninetyroll.co/

　　1 Strong waterproof performance can also be easily dealt with in rainy days.

　　This pair of ski pants is made of special waterproof material, which can effectively prevent moisture infiltration and keep you dry and comfortable in rainy days or snow.

　　Good thermal performance can also be warm as spring in ice and snow.

　　This pair of ski pants contains insulation layer, which can effectively resist the cold and make you feel as warm as spring in the snow and ice.

　　The reason why people live tired, is not fit the shelf, tear can not open face, untied plot (the reason is very simple)The data shows that, pu-erh tea Its development potential should not be underestimated, and it is also the inevitability of its existence.

　　Your life needs to understand the stand in their own position, not everyone is in line with your appetite; standing in other positions, you can also to all the appetite? (Tolerance of others)

　　People who can simplify complex problems are talented people, and it is silly to complicate simple problems. (People are often willing to be a fool)

　　A woman most admired men talented, most hated men are too stingy, most afraid of men do not live up to expectations. (Men afraid of the old woman angry)

　　Itching sometimes worse than pain, hate is often easier than love (paradox of life)

　　The opportunity for everyone is equal, you can not shoot the chance, but the opportunity comes when you can not do without bullets (doing business is to do this)

　　Love is like a smallpox, and each of us has to go through it once, and, as with smallpox, we will only get once in a lifetime. You never have to worry about getting a second time.

　　Ancient love stories and more contemporary love accident (different times).

　　A person who does not make mistakes usually can not accomplish anything, and there are no shortcomings, often with little merit (Lincoln’s experience).

　　Businessmen are “people who can talk,” businessmen are “people who can give birth to ideas.” (Alternative explanation)

　　There are seven virtues: First, do not get the ax, the second is not to interrupt other words, the third is not anxious for success, four questions should be targeted, five answers to meet the reasonable, six is to have a beginning and end, seven is to Based on reality. (Ancient Jewish Proverbs).

　　Unit to work overtime every day; home never stick; mobile phone home to close; SMS reading on the delete; go to bed snoring shaking; underwear often wear back. (With an affair of the six symptoms).

　　Do what you think can not do (how much heart, how far the road).

　　The heart is a two-bedroom house, one is suffering, one is happy. People can not laugh too loud, or laughter will wake up next to the pain. (To avoid very happy).

　　If you marry a wise and virtuous wife, you will be happy; if you marry a frivolous bitch, you will become a philosopher. (Marriage useful).

　　Can not tell, can not cry, is the most bitter (life reflected).

　　Where to fall, just lie down (some pessimists).

　　The real question is not whether the spouse is the best person, but whether you are trying to be the best person for your spouse (the Happy Marriage Bible).

　　The only advantage of telling the truth is that you do not have to remember what you said (Quotations User).

　　You can offend busy people, because they do not have time to care about you; you must not offend idlers, because they have time to deal with you. (Do not offend idlers).

　　If you can not change your face, then you change your face (not beautiful, it can be very cute).

　　Than bathing, washing the sauna is more important is the brainwashing, bath does not wash will be distributed odor, brain wash will be eliminated by the times (we often forget this).

　　Do not believe your memories, the person inside, not necessarily the same miss you (with memories of the road, rather than holding the memories of life).

　　There should be a better way to start a new day than waking up every morning (office worker philosopher).

　　Toad want to eat swan, good kind, small things with ambition (to educate the next generation).

　　Rich does not have much, but less luxury. (New view of wealth).

　　Separation and purification of protein;So, inhibitors On the contrary, there is still a lot of room to play. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　1. Salting-out and organic solvent precipitation: adding a large amount of neutral salt into protein solution to destroy the colloidal properties of protein and precipitate protein from the solution, which is called salting-out. Commonly used neutral salts are: ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and so on. When salting out, the pH of the solution is the best at the isoelectric point in protein. Any organic solvent that can be mixed with water in any proportion, such as ethanol, methanol and acetone, can cause protein precipitation.

　　2. Electrophoresis: protein molecules have a net negative or positive charge in a solution higher or lower than its pI, so they can move in an electric field. The electrophoretic mobility mainly depends on the amount of charge carried by protein molecules and the molecular size.

　　3. Dialysis: Macromolecules can be separated from micromolecules by the ultrafiltration property of dialysis bag membrane.

　　4. Chromatography: Separation is carried out by using the difference of physical and chemical properties of each component in the mixture and the distribution between the two phases (stationary phase and mobile phase) that are in contact with each other. There are mainly ion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, adsorption chromatography and affinity chromatography, among which gel chromatography can be used to determine the molecular weight of protein.

　　5. Ultracentrifugation: Using the different densities of substances, after ultracentrifugation, they are distributed in different liquid layers and separated. Ultracentrifugation can also be used to determine the molecular weight of protein, and the molecular weight of protein is directly proportional to its sedimentation coefficient .

　　Protein is a substance with a certain spatial structure, which is formed by the zigzag folding of polypeptide chains composed of amino acids in the form of dehydration and condensation. Protein must contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.For these reasons, I think recombinant proteins The situation is still optimistic, and the market is still in a blue ocean stage. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Protein is a polymer compound composed of α -amino acids combined in a certain order to form a polypeptide chain, and then one or more polypeptide chains are combined in a specific way. Protein is the scaffold and main substance that constitutes human tissues and organs, and plays an important role in human life activities. It can be said that there would be no life activities without protein.

　　Number of atoms

　　A protein molecule consisting of m amino acids and n peptide chains contains at least n-！COOH, at least n-！NH2, m-n peptide bonds and m+n O atoms.

　　molecular mass

　　Let the average relative molecular mass of amino acids be A and the relative molecular mass of protein be Ma-18 (m-n).

　　Gene control

　　Nucleotide 6 in the gene

　　Nucleotide 3 in messenger RNA

　　Amino acid 1 in protein