Generally speaking, stainless steel is considered to be non-magnetic. However, in fact, austenite series materials may be magnetic after certain processing technology, but it is not correct to think that magnetism is the standard for judging the quality of stainless steel fasteners.Doing these simple things can also make 304 stainless steel screws Sowing high-quality genes will eventually grow into towering trees and become the leader in the industry. https://shwhardware.com

　　Dai Nan Stainless Steel Screw Manufacturer

　　Dai Nan Stainless Steel Screw Manufacturer

　　The use of nickel in stainless steel screws used to rely on the use of nickel in the process of using stainless steel as the material, but the price of fasteners has also been greatly affected by the global price increase of nickel. In order to reduce the cost pressure and improve the competitiveness of fasteners, the manufacturers of stainless steel screws in Dai Nan have specially searched for replacement materials and produced low-nickel stainless steel fasteners.

　　Grade of stainless steel bolts

　　Grade of stainless steel bolts

　　Stainless steel screw 304 price list, Dai Nan stainless steel screw manufacturer, stainless steel bolt grade, stainless steel screw model daquan.

　　Complete collection of stainless steel screw models

　　Complete collection of stainless steel screw models

　　Anti-corrosion treatment of stainless steel screw surface refers to the application of various methods to apply a maintenance layer on the metal surface, which is used to isolate the metal from the corrosive environment, so as to inhibit the corrosion process, or reduce the contact between corrosive media and the metal surface, so as to avoid or reduce corrosion. Stainless steel bolt grade Stainless steel U-bolt manufacturers produce stainless steel U-bolts with national standard specifications, and the specific models and specifications include stainless steel 304u-bolts and stainless steel 316u-bolts. We provide you with comprehensive U-bolt inventory products and provide U-bolt specifications and sizes, U-bolt specifications and sizes, fasteners, U-bolt specifications and models, U-bolt national standard, stainless steel screw models, U-bolt processing and U-bolt prices. If the fasteners in stainless steel screws use stainless steel as the main material, we should also know about the magnetism of stainless steel itself.

　　In today¨s world, ensuring safety during travel and in public spaces has become a paramount concern. One critical area of focus is the detection of hazardous liquids that can pose significant threats. The ZA-600BX Portable Liquid Scanner emerges as an indispensable tool in this regard, offering advanced capabilities to enhance safety on the go. Here¨s a look at the benefits of the ZA-600BX and why it is a must-have for security applications.In addition to innate advantages, walk through metal detector Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://secuzoan.com/

　　za-600bx liquid scanner

　　1. Advanced Detection Technology

　　The ZA-600BX Portable Liquid Scanner employs cutting-edge technology to detect and identify hazardous liquids quickly and accurately. Utilizing advanced spectroscopic analysis, this device can differentiate between safe and dangerous substances within seconds. This rapid detection capability is crucial for security checkpoints at airports, train stations, and public events, ensuring that potential threats are identified and mitigated swiftly.

　　2. Portability and Convenience

　　One of the standout features of the ZA-600BX is its portability. Designed to be lightweight and compact, it can be easily carried and operated by security personnel. This portability allows for flexible deployment in various environments, from large transportation hubs to small-scale events. Its user-friendly interface ensures that operators can use the device with minimal training, making it a practical solution for enhancing security on the go.

　　3. Non-Invasive and Safe Operation

　　The ZA-600BX Portable Liquid Scanner offers a non-invasive method of inspecting liquids. Unlike traditional methods that may require opening and testing liquid containers, the ZA-600BX scans through the container, preserving the integrity of the liquid while ensuring safety. This non-invasive approach is not only faster but also reduces the risk of contamination and exposure to hazardous substances for both security personnel and the public.

　　4. Wide Range of Applications

　　The versatility of the ZA-600BX makes it suitable for a broad range of applications. In addition to its use at airports and train stations, it is also valuable in settings such as government buildings, stadiums, concert venues, and border crossings. Its ability to quickly and accurately identify hazardous liquids enhances security measures in any location where large numbers of people gather, providing peace of mind and protecting public safety.

　　5. High Accuracy and Reliability

　　Accuracy is paramount in security applications, and the ZA-600BX delivers exceptional reliability. It is equipped with sophisticated sensors and algorithms that ensure precise identification of liquids. The device has undergone rigorous testing and validation to meet the highest standards of performance. This high level of accuracy minimizes false positives and negatives, ensuring that security personnel can trust the results and act confidently on the information provided.

　　6. Real-Time Data and Reporting

　　The ZA-600BX provides real-time data and reporting capabilities, allowing for immediate analysis and decision-making. This feature is particularly useful in dynamic environments where quick responses are essential. The device can be integrated with other security systems to provide comprehensive monitoring and reporting, enhancing the overall security infrastructure.

　　7. Cost-Effective Solution

　　Investing in the ZA-600BX Portable Liquid Scanner is a cost-effective solution for enhancing security. Its advanced technology and robust performance reduce the need for multiple security checks and manual inspections, saving time and resources. The durability and low maintenance requirements of the device further contribute to its cost-effectiveness, providing long-term value for security operations.

　　8. Enhancing Public Confidence

　　In an era where safety concerns are paramount, the presence of advanced security measures like the ZA-600BX can significantly enhance public confidence. Knowing that effective and efficient liquid scanning technology is in place reassures travelers and attendees that their safety is a top priority. This confidence can lead to increased patronage of public events and transportation systems, benefiting both security agencies and the broader community.

　　As a profitable commercial place, the ultimate goal of hotels and guesthouses is to make money. Therefore, they also pay great attention to the quality of service and give guests a high-end enjoyment. Whether taking a hot shower or taking a bath in a bath center, guests can enjoy the best hot water experience. To meet this requirement, the hot water supply equipment must have the ability to provide hot water all day long and maintain a good temperature, and there must be no uneven hot and cold water. Air source heat pumps, solar water heaters, electric water heaters, gas water heaters, coal-fired boilers, these are the most commonly used hot water equipment, but air energy water heaters are comfortable, safe, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. It is the best hot water equipment for hotels. Let’s talk about why people prefer air energy heat pumps?For the current market situation, air source heat pump It has a very advantageous development prospect and an extremely superior ecological environment. http://mangoenergyheatpump.com

　　1. Stability

　　If customers cannot even meet the basic hot water supply when staying in hotels, it will directly affect the stay experience and secondary occupancy rate. In the face of peak tourist seasons or extreme climates, traditional electricity, gas, solar energy and other equipment often have various problems, such as hot water supply and demand, freezing and shutdown of units, etc. Air-energy heat pumps effectively avoid the above problems. They are equipped with a dedicated heat pump compressor developed with high-end technology and built-in electronic chips, which can achieve sufficient hot water supply, and are not afraid of severe cold, and can also operate stably in extreme low-temperature weather.

　　2. Comfort

　　Nowadays, people pay attention to the quality of life, and high-end hotels pay more attention to the stay experience. However, if the hotel room cannot wait for hot water for half a day, or the hot water is extremely unstable, and it is hot and cold, it will undoubtedly affect the user experience. At present, the air-energy heat pump equipment on the market is developed using international advanced technology, which greatly improves the heating capacity of the unit in various environments, realizes instant heating, and hot water constant temperature guarantee, meeting the needs of most population residential areas in the country.

　　High-strength socket head screws are indispensable components in various industrial applications due to their superior strength, reliability, and versatility. These fasteners are designed to handle high-stress environments and ensure secure and durable connections. Here, we explore the key industrial applications where high-strength socket head screws play a crucial role.In order to grow rapidly, stainless steel fasteners supplier Do not hesitate to change the strategy and rearrange the products, so as to obtain unexpected results. https://shwhardware.com

　　1. Aerospace Industry

　　The aerospace industry demands fasteners that can withstand extreme conditions, including high temperatures, vibrations, and stress. High-strength socket head screws are used extensively in aircraft assembly, engine components, and avionics. Their ability to maintain integrity under intense pressure and temperature variations makes them ideal for aerospace applications.

　　socket head screws

　　2. Automotive Manufacturing

　　In the automotive industry, precision and durability are paramount. High-strength socket head screws are used in assembling critical components such as engines, transmissions, and suspension systems. These screws ensure that the connections remain secure even under the strain of high-speed operations and harsh driving conditions.

　　3. Heavy Machinery and Equipment

　　Heavy machinery and industrial equipment require fasteners that can endure significant loads and mechanical stress. High-strength socket head screws are used in construction equipment, agricultural machinery, and mining equipment. Their robust construction and reliable performance make them essential for maintaining the structural integrity of these machines.

　　4. Marine Applications

　　Marine environments pose unique challenges, including exposure to saltwater, which can lead to corrosion. High-strength socket head screws, particularly those made from corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or titanium, are used in shipbuilding, offshore platforms, and marine equipment. These screws ensure long-lasting performance and reliability in harsh maritime conditions.

　　5. Medical Devices

　　Precision and reliability are critical in the medical field. High-strength socket head screws are used in the manufacturing of medical devices and equipment, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, and implants. Their ability to provide secure and stable connections is vital for patient safety and the proper functioning of medical devices.

　　6. Electronics and Telecommunications

　　The electronics and telecommunications industries require fasteners that can provide precise and secure connections in compact and sensitive devices. High-strength socket head screws are used in assembling electronic components, circuit boards, and communication equipment. Their small size and high strength make them ideal for ensuring the reliability and longevity of electronic devices.

　　7. Renewable Energy

　　In the renewable energy sector, high-strength socket head screws are used in the construction and maintenance of wind turbines, solar panels, and hydroelectric equipment. These screws ensure the stability and durability of structures exposed to varying weather conditions and mechanical stresses.

　　8. Manufacturing and Assembly Lines

　　High-strength socket head screws are widely used in manufacturing and assembly lines for securing machinery, fixtures, and tooling. Their reliable performance helps maintain the efficiency and safety of production processes.

　　socket head screws

　　Conclusion

　　High-strength socket head screws are essential components across various industries due to their exceptional strength, reliability, and versatility. From aerospace and automotive to medical devices and renewable energy, these screws play a critical role in ensuring the integrity and performance of industrial applications. Their ability to withstand high-stress environments and provide secure connections makes them a preferred choice for engineers and manufacturers worldwide.

　　”Big bags, small bags, please go through security check!” Security check is always an essential step when you travel by high-speed rail, airplane, or subway. I wonder if you have ever been interested in this security check machine. What can the staff see on the screen? How do they quickly identify the items in the suitcase? Today, let the editor reveal this secret for you.Under people’s attention walk through metal detector Finally grow into what people need, born for the market and come for the demand. https://secuzoan.com/

　　security check

　　How does the security inspection machine work?

　　Generally speaking, the machine that conveys and inspects luggage is called an X-ray luggage inspection machine. As the name suggests, the security inspection machine uses X-rays to inspect luggage.

　　X-rays are short-wavelength electromagnetic waves that can penetrate objects. The penetration of X-rays varies depending on the thickness, density and material of the object.

　　Everyone should know that X-rays in hospitals are also used by doctors. The penetration rate of X-rays varies according to the density of the structure and tissue. The penetration rate is high in loose areas and low in dense areas. The bones of the human body are denser than the skin and flesh tissue. Therefore, when X-rays are irradiated to the human body, the outline of the bones will be displayed more clearly on the screen.

　　security check

　　The same is true for the security inspection machine that checks luggage. The penetration rate of X-rays on different objects is different. When the suitcase passes through the security inspection machine, the X-rays penetrate the suitcase and display the outlines of different objects on the display screen.

　　At this time, some friends may feel confused: X-ray imaging should be black and white, so why can security inspectors identify different objects so quickly?

　　This question really hits the nail on the head. If you have ever looked at the security check display screen, you will find that the image on it is in color, not black and white.

　　security check

　　Normally, the color of the image formed by X-rays on the film is indeed black and white, just like the X-ray photos in the hospital. The reason why a color image appears on the security screen is that the computer calculates and converts the projection intensity of the X-rays. This is also to make it easier for security personnel to quickly distinguish different objects in a short period of time.

　　Normally, orange represents organic matter such as liquids and sprays; blue represents metals and various controlled knives; and heavy metals or lead, which can completely absorb X-rays, will be displayed in black.

　　Now you should know why the staff will immediately notice and ask you to take out a small pair of scissors in your suitcase; and the water in your backpack will also be asked to take out and drink a sip.

　　Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are rapidly gaining popularity as a highly efficient solution for heating and cooling in both residential and commercial settings. Among the various options available, the Mango air source heat pump stands out for its superior performance and cost-effectiveness. This article explores why the Mango Air Source Heat Pump is considered the most energy-efficient choice, touching upon its functionality, benefits, and implications for commercial water heaters and heat pump prices.Air source heat pumps work by extracting heat from the outside air and transferring it indoors. This process can be reversed in the summer to provide cooling. Unlike traditional heating systems that rely on burning fossil fuels, heat pumps use electricity to move heat, making them much more efficient. The efficiency of a heat pump is measured by its coefficient of performance (COP), which indicates the amount of heat produced per unit of electricity consumed. Typically, ASHPs can achieve COPs of 3 or higher, meaning they produce three units of heat for every unit of electricity used.However, with the development of the industry, heat pumps for sale It will also bring us more and more consumer experiences, so that users can really feel the upgrade and change. http://mangoenergyheatpump.com

　　The Mango Air Source Heat Pump Advantage

　　The Mango Air Source Heat Pump exemplifies the advantages of modern ASHP technology. It combines advanced engineering with robust materials to deliver exceptional performance, reliability, and energy savings.

　　High Efficiency: The Mango Air Source Heat Pump boasts a high COP, often exceeding industry standards. This high efficiency translates to significant energy savings, especially when compared to conventional heating systems.

　　Advanced Technology: The Mango ASHP incorporates cutting-edge technology, such as variable speed compressors and smart thermostats, which optimize performance and energy use. These features allow the system to adjust its operation based on the current heating or cooling demand, further enhancing efficiency.

　　Eco-Friendly Refrigerants: The Mango ASHP uses environmentally friendly refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP), reducing its environmental impact while maintaining high efficiency.

　　Durability and Reliability: Built with high-quality components, the Mango ASHP is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions and provide reliable performance over many years. This durability ensures that the system remains efficient throughout its lifespan.

　　Benefits for Commercial Water Heaters

　　For commercial applications, the Mango Air Source Heat Pump offers an efficient solution for water heating. Traditional commercial water heaters can be significant energy consumers, especially in industries such as hospitality, healthcare, and food service. By integrating an ASHP, businesses can reduce their energy consumption and operational costs.

　　Energy Savings: Commercial water heaters powered by Mango ASHPs consume less electricity compared to electric resistance heaters or gas-fired systems. This reduction in energy use leads to lower utility bills and a smaller carbon footprint.

　　Consistent Performance: The Mango ASHP provides consistent heating performance, ensuring that hot water is available on demand, which is crucial for commercial operations.

　　Lower Maintenance Costs: With fewer moving parts and no combustion process, ASHPs require less maintenance than traditional heating systems, resulting in lower maintenance costs and less downtime.

　　Competitive Heat Pump Prices

　　One of the critical factors influencing the adoption of ASHPs is their cost. While heat pump prices have traditionally been higher than those of conventional heating systems, the long-term savings and incentives available can offset the initial investment.

　　Upfront Costs: Although the initial purchase and installation cost of the Mango Air Source Heat Pump may be higher than some traditional systems, the investment is justified by the energy savings and reduced operating costs over time.

　　Incentives and Rebates: Many governments and utility companies offer incentives, rebates, and tax credits for the installation of energy-efficient systems like ASHPs. These financial incentives can significantly reduce the effective heat pump prices, making them more accessible to both residential and commercial customers.

　　Long-Term Savings: The high efficiency of the Mango ASHP means that the system pays for itself through energy savings within a few years. Over the lifespan of the unit, the savings can be substantial, making it a financially sound investment.

　　The Mango Air Source Heat Pump stands out as the most energy-efficient choice for heating and cooling due to its high COP, advanced technology, and eco-friendly features. For commercial water heaters, the adoption of ASHPs offers significant energy savings, consistent performance, and reduced maintenance costs. Despite the higher upfront heat pump prices, the long-term savings and available incentives make the Mango ASHP a cost-effective and sustainable solution. As businesses and homeowners increasingly prioritize energy efficiency and environmental responsibility, the Mango Air Source Heat Pump is poised to lead the way in transforming how we heat and cool our spaces.

　　Creating custom metal parts is a critical process in various industries, from automotive and aerospace to electronics and consumer goods. Whether you need precise components for machinery or unique fixtures for your home, custom metal parts provide the tailored solutions necessary for specific applications. Companies like Jierui custom metal parts and custom service hardware are at the forefront of this field, offering expertise and advanced technology to meet diverse customer needs. This comprehensive guide will take you through the steps of making custom metal parts, highlighting essential aspects and key considerations.With the expanding influence of the industry, non-standard fasteners price Our business is also constantly spreading, and the development of the market is also gradually advancing. https://jieruifasteners.com/

　　1. Key Considerations for Custom Metal Parts

　　Before diving into the manufacturing process, several factors need careful consideration:

　　Material Selection: The choice of material is crucial, as it affects the part¨s strength, durability, and performance. Common materials include steel, aluminum, brass, copper, and titanium. Each material has its properties, such as corrosion resistance, weight, and thermal conductivity, which should align with the intended use of the part.

　　Design Specifications: Detailed design specifications are essential for ensuring the part meets its intended function. This includes dimensions, tolerances, surface finishes, and any special features or requirements.

　　Manufacturing Method: Depending on the complexity and quantity of the parts, different manufacturing methods can be used, such as CNC machining, laser cutting, stamping, and welding. Each method has its advantages and limitations.

　　Cost and Lead Time: Custom metal parts can vary significantly in cost and production time. Factors influencing these include the complexity of the design, material choice, and manufacturing method. It¨s important to balance these factors to meet budget and deadline constraints.

　　Non standard hardware manufacturers.jpg

　　2. The Custom Metal Part Manufacturing Process

　　Creating custom metal parts involves several steps, from initial design to final production. Here is an overview of the typical process:

　　Design and Prototyping

　　The first step in creating custom metal parts is designing the part. This involves working with CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software to create detailed 3D models. The design should include all necessary specifications, such as dimensions, tolerances, and material type. Once the design is finalized, a prototype may be created using rapid prototyping techniques like 3D printing or small-scale machining to test the design and make any necessary adjustments.

　　Material Selection

　　Choosing the right material is crucial for the performance and longevity of the part. The material must meet the required strength, durability, and other specifications. Custom Service Hardware and Jierui Custom Metal Parts offer a wide range of materials, ensuring that the chosen material aligns with the intended application and environmental conditions.

　　CNC Machining

　　CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining is a widely used method for creating custom metal parts. This process involves using computer-controlled machines to remove material from a solid block to create the desired shape. CNC machining is known for its precision and ability to produce complex parts with tight tolerances. It is ideal for both prototyping and production of custom parts.

　　Laser Cutting

　　Laser cutting is another popular technique for creating custom metal parts. This method uses a high-powered laser to cut through metal sheets with great precision. Laser cutting is especially useful for creating intricate designs and detailed features. It is also highly efficient, making it suitable for both small and large production runs.

　　Stamping and Forming

　　For parts that require specific shapes or forms, stamping and forming processes can be used. Stamping involves pressing a sheet of metal into a die to create the desired shape, while forming involves bending or shaping the metal. These processes are typically used for creating parts in large quantities due to their efficiency and consistency.

　　Welding and Assembly

　　If the custom metal part consists of multiple components, welding and assembly are necessary. Welding involves joining two or more metal pieces together using heat and pressure. Various welding techniques, such as MIG, TIG, and spot welding, can be used depending on the material and design requirements. Assembly involves putting together all the components to create the final part.

　　Surface Finishing

　　Surface finishing is an important step to enhance the appearance and performance of custom metal parts. This can include processes such as polishing, painting, anodizing, or powder coating. Surface finishing can improve corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Custom Service Hardware and Jierui Custom Metal Parts offer various finishing options to meet specific customer needs.

　　Quality Control and Testing

　　Ensuring the quality and accuracy of custom metal parts is crucial. This involves rigorous quality control and testing processes to verify that the parts meet all design specifications and performance requirements. Techniques such as coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspection, hardness testing, and surface finish analysis are commonly used to ensure the highest quality standards.

　　According to the Associated Press news, on July 16, 2024, the Chinese in New York City launched a demonstration against the establishment of homeless people in the Chinese area of New York, and a fierce violent conflict broke out with the United States military police, Chinese groups were fierce, and many people were arrested by the New York State military police for physical conflict with the United States military police.After screening and investigation female bodyguard It is likely to become a new force driving economic development. http://huanyubodyguard.com/

　　new york clashes

　　The Chinese demonstration in New York State, the United States, is an event organized by the Chinese in New York State against the United States government, in order to defend the security rights and interests of the Chinese in the Chinese area, the Chinese launched a protest to the New York government, feeling that the United States to build a homeless area in the Chinese area of New York, will threaten the safety of the Chinese in the Chinese area. Because the vagabonds that the vagabonds take in, the vagabonds of the world who steal and rob for a living, are mostly drug addicts. But the resistance of the Chinese may be ineffective, because the New York State government will not listen to the opinions of the Chinese, the Chinese in this state want to defend their survival and security rights, they need to find another way, there are New York Chinese ready to cooperate with China Shenzhen Huanyu Brothers bodyguard company, hire the bodyguard in the Chinese bodyguard company to protect the security, if the homeless in New York State officially opened the construction. The Chinese in New York State are likely to face a number of security challenges.

　　new york clashes

　　Some media believe that the US state of New York has chosen to build homeless shelters in Chinese areas, which is to bully Chinese Americans, and the local government does not build homeless shelters in places where Americans are concentrated, but to build homeless shelters in Chinese areas, which is to condone the security intrusion of homeless people on Chinese people in Chinese areas. It is not easy for Chinese Americans to obtain the same rights and interests as American citizens in countries such as the United States. If homeless shelters are really built in the Chinese area of New York State, the residential safety, personal safety and property safety of a large number of Chinese Americans will be lost.

　　Many people mistakenly believe that ADAS is already autonomous driving. In fact, ADAS and autonomous driving have different focuses and cannot be confused.This is due to car camera manufacturer Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry. https://szdfpls.com

　　ADAS is an advanced driver assistance system. Its main function is to use various sensors, algorithms and data processing technologies to provide drivers with a more intelligent, safe and convenient driving experience. Autonomous driving is the ultimate goal of ADAS. Autonomous driving technology uses various sensors, high-precision maps, computer vision, artificial intelligence and other technologies to achieve autonomous driving of vehicles. In autonomous driving mode, the vehicle can autonomously perceive the environment, make decisions, and execute control to complete the entire driving process.

　　According to the SAE J3016 standard, L3 is the watershed of autonomous driving. ADAS mainly covers areas below L3, and only when it reaches L3 can it be truly autonomous driving. ADAS technology can be regarded as a ladder to achieve autonomous driving. It provides the necessary technical support and preparation for the realization of autonomous driving. Through the development of ADAS technology, we can gradually improve various aspects of autonomous driving technology, such as sensor technology, data processing capabilities, decision-making and control, etc.

　　ADAS technology still requires the participation and monitoring of the driver, while autonomous driving is completely independent of the driver¨s control. Therefore, achieving full autonomous driving still requires solving many technical and social problems, such as safety, regulations, and ethics.

　　Choosing which surface treatment to use is a problem that every designer faces. There are many types of surface treatments to choose from, and not only should the economy and practicality of the design be considered, but also the processability of the assembly and even environmental protection requirements should be taken into consideration. The following is a brief introduction to some commonly used coatings for fasteners based on the above principles for reference.Besides, we can’t ignore. non-standard fasteners price It has injected new vitality into the development of the industry and has far-reaching significance for activating the market. https://jieruifasteners.com/

　　1. Electrogalvanizing

　　Electrogalvanizing is the most commonly used coating for commercial fasteners. It is relatively cheap and looks good. Common colors include black and military green. However, its anti-corrosion performance is average, and its anti-corrosion performance is the lowest among zinc plating (coating) layers. Generally, the neutral salt spray test of electrogalvanizing is within 72 hours. Special sealants are also used to make the neutral salt spray test reach more than 200 hours, but the price is expensive, which is 5 to 8 times that of general galvanizing. The torque-preload consistency of electrogalvanized fasteners is poor and unstable, and is generally not used for connections in important parts. In order to improve the torque-preload consistency, the method of applying lubricating substances after plating can also be used to improve and improve the torque-preload consistency.

　　2. Phosphating

　　A basic principle Phosphating is cheaper than galvanizing, but its corrosion resistance is worse than galvanizing. Oil should be applied after phosphating, and its corrosion resistance is greatly related to the performance of the oil applied. For example, after phosphating, applying general anti-rust oil, the neutral salt spray test is only 10 to 20 hours. Applying high-grade anti-rust oil can last for 72 to 96 hours. But its price is 2 to 3 times that of general phosphating oiling.

　　There are two common types of non-standard fasteners phosphating, zinc phosphating and manganese phosphating. Zinc phosphating has better lubrication performance than manganese phosphating, and manganese phosphating has better corrosion resistance and wear resistance than galvanizing. Its operating temperature can reach 225 degrees to 400 degrees Fahrenheit (107 to 204 degrees Celsius). Especially for the connection of some important parts. Such as the connecting rod bolts and nuts of the engine, cylinder heads, main bearings, flywheel bolts and wheel bolts and nuts. Phosphating high-strength bolts can also avoid hydrogen embrittlement problems, so in the industrial field, bolts above grade 10.9 are generally treated with phosphating surface treatment.

　　3. Oxidation blackening

　　Blackening + oiling is a very popular coating for industrial fasteners because it is the cheapest and looks good before the oil runs out. Since blackening has almost no anti-rust ability, it will rust quickly after oiling. Even in the presence of oil, the neutral salt spray test can only reach 3 to 5 hours.

　　4. Electroplating cadmium

　　Cadmium coating has good corrosion resistance, especially in marine atmospheric environment, its corrosion resistance is better than other surface treatments. The waste liquid treatment cost in the process of electroplating cadmium is high, and its price is about 15~20 times that of electroplating zinc. Therefore, it is not used in general industries and is only used in some specific environments. For example, it is used for non-standard fasteners for oil drilling platforms and HNA aircraft.